Main Article Content
Abstract
Concentration is very important and needed for children in following the learning process. learning concentration can be seen from an increase in the presence of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters function as chemical messengers that play an important role in information processing throughout the nervous system. The purpose of this research is to describe the Literature Study: A Biopsychological Review in Improving Children's Concentration. This research uses library research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Based on the results of the review of 25 (twenty-five) journals examined by the author, there are various effectiveness of neurotransmitter performance involved in various brain functions, such as sleep, mood, emotion, attention, and learning and memory. The conclusions of this study include: 1) Neurotransmitter metabolites include biogenic amines (catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine and serotonin) and amino acids (glycine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]), 2) Serotonin is useful for neurotransmitters and concentration, 3) Neurotransmitters including acetylcholine play an important role in the development of brain nerve structures and cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the first identified cholinergic neurotransmitter, and changes in its content can fully reflect the growth and development of the body as well as learning ability and memory, 4) Students who are able to concentrate during lessons will have higher memory and easily understand what is learned and 5) The researcher suggests that future studies examine the effect of one of the various types of neurotransmitters on children's concentration and motivation to learn.
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References
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References
Adlini, M. N., Dinda, A. H., Yulinda, S., Chotimah, O., & Merliyana, S. J. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 974–980. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394
Blood‐Siegfried, J., & Rende, E. K. (2010). The Long‐Term Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Neurologic Development. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 55(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.05.006
Christiyawati, M. D., & Estuningsih, E. (2021). Akupuntur Metode Ynsa Dan Hipnoterapi Terhadap Kecerdasan Intelektual (IQ) Dan Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) Anak. Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.34035/jk.v12i2.760
Cui, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Nie, J., & Liu, H. (2021). Long-term repetitive exposure to excess iodine induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and alters monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats of different genders. Toxicology Research, 10(5), 975–982. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab082
Fajarudin, A. A., Samsudi, A., & Lailatul Mas’adah, N. (2021). Teknik Ice Breaking sebagai Penunjang Semangat dan Konsentrasi Siswa Kelas 1 MI Nurul Islam Jatirejo. Idarotuna : Journal of Administrative Science, 2(2), 147–176. https://doi.org/10.54471/idarotuna.v2i2.21
Faridah, F., & Ariyanto, A. (2021). Efektivitas Senam Otak dalam Meningkatkan Hafalan Al-Qur’an pada Siswa SMP-IT Ash-Shidiqi di Kecamatan Pemayung. Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi, 10(2), 394. https://doi.org/10.36565/jab.v10i2.391
Firmansyah, D. & Dede. (2022). Teknik Pengambilan Sampel Umum dalam Metodologi Penelitian: Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Holistik (JIPH), 1(2), 85–114. https://doi.org/10.55927/jiph.v1i2.937
Fodor, R., Matiș, L., Ghitea, T. C., & Vlad, S. (2024). Neurotransmitter Fluctuation in Childhood: Exploring Variations in the Levels of GABA, Glutamate, Dopamine and Noradrenaline in Individuals Under 18. International Neurourology Journal, 28(1), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.5123/inj.2024.1.inj16
Frank, S. M., Becker, M., Qi, A., Geiger, P., Frank, U. I., Rosedahl, L. A., Malloni, W. M., Sasaki, Y., Greenlee, M. W., & Watanabe, T. (2022). Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training. Current Biology, 32(23), 5022-5030.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.021
Furqaani, A. R. (2015). Peran Serotonin Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Dan Memori: Kajian Literatur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan PKM Kesehatan, 1(1), 221–224.
Gasmi, A., Nasreen, A., Menzel, A., Gasmi Benahmed, A., Pivina, L., Noor, S., Peana, M., Chirumbolo, S., & Bjørklund, G. (2022). Neurotransmitters Regulation and Food Intake: The Role of Dietary Sources in Neurotransmission. Molecules, 28(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010210
Hadi, N. F., & Afandi, N. K. (2021). Literature Review is A Part of Research. Sultra Educational Journal, 1(3), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v1i3.203
Hts Pardomuan, K. (2017). Peran Konselor Dalam Membantu Pengentasan Malas Belajar Siswa. Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Therapy (IICET), 2(2), 1–4.
Ilmiasih, R., Masruroh, N. L., & Ramulia, D. (2017). Healthy Breakfast on Learning Concentration of Junior High School Students. Proceedings of the Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2017). Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2017), Malang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/hsic-17.2017.23
Keller, M., Brennenstuhl, H., Hübschmann, O. K., Manti, F., Palacios, N. A. J., Friedman, J., Yıldız, Y., Koht, J. A., Wong, S.-N., Zafeiriou, D. I., Lopez-Laso, E., Pons, R., Kulhanek, J., Jeltsch, K., Serrano-Lomelin, J., Garbade, S. F., Opladen, T., Goez, H., Disorders (iNTD), I. W. G. on N. related, … Wing Fung, C. (2021). Assessment of intellectual impairment, health-related quality of life, and behavioral phenotype in patients with neurotransmitter related disorders: Data from the iNTD registry. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 44(6), 1489-1502. https://doi.org/10.1002/jimd.12416
Kholilah, E., & Solichatun, Y. (2018). Terapi Bermain Dengan CBPT (Cognitive Behavior Play Therapy) Dalam Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Pada Anak ADHD. Psikoislamika : Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam, 15(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.18860/psi.v15i1.6662
Margiathi, S. A., Lerian, O., Wulandari, R., Putri, N. D., & Musyadad, F. (2023). Dampak Konsentrasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik. Jurnal Primary Edu (JPE), 1(1), 61–68.
Murdiansyah, B. N. (2022). Pengaruh Terapi Musik Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Penyelesaian Soal Hitung Pada Anak Dengan Simptom Gangguan Konsentrasi. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(3), 395–408.
Nimgampalle, M., Chakravarthy, H., Sharma, S., Shree, S., Bhat, A. R., & Jangampalli Adi, P. (2023). Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications. Ageing Research Reviews, 89, 101994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.101994
Ningrum, R. M., Wibowo, S., Majri, A., & Ulfah, M. (2022). Literature Review: Hubungan Terapi Bermain dengan Daya Konsentrasi pada Anak Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH). Journal of Issues in Midwifery, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.JOIM.2022.006.01.1
Nurhidayati, N., Herodya L Fesmia, Lendi Leskia Putri, & Ni Kadek Mega Suryantini. (2023). Nutrisi Pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) Sebagai Dasar Perkembangan Kognitif: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka. Unram Medical Journal, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.29303/jku.v12i3.987
Nusyirwan, D., Akbar, M. A., & Perdana, P. P. P. (2021). Rancang Bangun Alarm Fokus Untuk Membantu Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Siswa Saat Belajar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Teknik dan Kejuruan, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.20961/jiptek.v14i1.34573
Oktaria, S., Efrilia, & Pratiwi, D. F. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dampak Smartphone Terhadap Pendidikan dan Kesehatan di Kelurahan Pelawi Utara Kecamatan Babalan Kabupaten Langkat. Jurnal Pengabdian Mitra Masyarakat (JURPAMMAS), 2(1), 79–83.
Pellow, J., Solomon, E. M., & Barnard, C. N. (2011). Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Alternative Medicine Review, 16(4), 323–337.
Puspitasari, A. D., Susmarini, D., & Sli, D. D. (2015). Pengaruh Aromaterapi Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) terhadap Peningkatan Memori Jangka Pendek Siswa Kelas V (10-11 Tahun) di SDN Growok I Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Majalah Kesehatan, 2(3), 144-151.
Pyatha, S., Kim, H., Lee, D., & Kim, K. (2023). Co-exposure to lead, mercury, and cadmium induces neurobehavioral impairments in mice by interfering with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the striatum. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1265864. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1265864
Rahmatul Azkiya, N. (2021). Permainan sensori motorik untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi pada anak dengan ADHD. Procedia : Studi Kasus dan Intervensi Psikologi, 9(4), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v9i4.16459
Rusli, H. (2021). Pelaksanaan Senam Otak Pada Wanita Post Menopause Kerjasama Dengan Puskesmas Juanda. Abdimas Medika, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.35728/pengmas.v2i2.773
Rusli, R., & Rahmatullah, M. A. (2017). The Description of Learning Concentration Viewed from the Suggestibility Levels (Case study on Students of Psychology Departement Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarbaru). 8th International Conference of Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology (ICAAIP 2017), 127, 120–122.
Savitri, A., & Wahyudi, C. T. (2019). Korelasi Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian Dan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kemampuan Konsentrasi Belajar. Indonesian Jurnal of Health Development, 1(2), 1–10.
Siauta, J. A., Indrayani, T., & Bombing, K. (2020). Hubungan Anemia Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswi di SMP Negeri Kelila Kabupaten Mamberamo Tengah Tahun 2018. Journal for Quality in Women’s Health, 3(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.30994/jqwh.v3i1.55
Sinulingga, H. A., Melviana, Rusip, G., & Surya, A. (2019). Hubungan Kuantitas Tidur Dengan Tingkat Konsentrasi Pada Mahasiswa Stambuk 2014 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Pada Tahun 2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Simantek, 3(3), 13–16.
Sugeng, M. W., Wulandari, R. D., & Setijowati, E. D. (2021). Penyuluhan Tentang Makanan yang Dianjurkan untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) Hiperaktif. Jurnal Abdidas, 2(5), 1120–1126. https://doi.org/10.31004/abdidas.v2i5.424
Supriatna, A., Nasem, & Aenul Quthbi, A. (2021). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Cooperative Script Dalam Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Keragaman Kenampakan Dan Pembagian Wilayah Waktu Di Indonesia. Jurnal Tahsinia, 2(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.57171/jt.v2i2.302
Suyami, Khayati, F., Setianingsih, & Pranandari, C. (2019). The Influence of Educative Puzzle Game to Concentration of Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder In Arogya Mitra Acupuncture Klaten. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1179, 012129. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012129
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