MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL PYRAZOLE–THIOSEMICARBAZONE SCHIFF BASES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS

Aseel G. Hanoon; Dawood S. Abid

doi:10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.478

Authors

Aseel G. Hanoon
[email protected]
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; General Directorate of Education in Basrah, Ministry of Education, Iraq
Dawood S. Abid Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)

Articles

May 2, 2026

Downloads

VIEW ARTICLE

Abstract
How to Cite
Metrics
References
License

Objective: Primary processes were involved in the synthesis and identification of Schiff bases derivatives obtained from thiosemicarbazide. Method: Three compounds were synthesized using a microwave assisted method, ((E)-2-((3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1 carbothioamide (BT); (E)-2-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(m-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CMT); and (E)-2-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CNT). FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, mass spectrometry, recrystallization of the generated compounds, and TLC monitoring of the chemical process were used to identify the chemical structure of the compounds. Anticancer activity using human lung cancer cells A549 through MTT assay to estimate IC50 value for each compound. Results: The results showed that compound BT (1) had a lower IC50 value 53.03 µM. Novelty: Perspective research required to develop compound BT with a mechanistic investigation.

Hanoon, A. G., & Abid, D. S. (2026). MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL PYRAZOLE–THIOSEMICARBAZONE SCHIFF BASES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS. International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI), 3(2), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.478

Download Citation

R. L. Siegel, T. B. Kratzer, A. N. Giaquinto, H. Sung, and A. Jemal, “Cancer statistics, 2025,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 75, no. 1, p. 10, 2025.

B. Han et al., “Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022,” Journal of the National Cancer Center, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 47–53, 2024.

B. K. Nallamothu, R. A. Hayward, and E. R. Bates, “Beyond the randomized clinical trial: The role of effectiveness studies in evaluating cardiovascular therapies,” Circulation, vol. 118, no. 12, pp. 1294–1303, 2008.

S. Schneeweiss and E. Patorno, “Conducting real-world evidence studies on the clinical outcomes of diabetes treatments,” Endocrine Reviews, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 658–690, 2021.

C. Li et al., “Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality,” Chinese Medical Journal, vol. 136, no. 13, pp. 1583–1590, 2023.

R. A. Qeaser et al., “Integrated experimental and computational insights into thiazolidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cells,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 345, p. 131256, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131256.

A. Leiter, R. R. Veluswamy, and J. P. Wisnivesky, “The global burden of lung cancer: Current status and future trends,” Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 624–639, 2023.

H. Kathuria et al., “Stakeholder research priorities for smoking cessation interventions within lung cancer screening programs,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 196, no. 9, pp. 1202–1212, 2017.

H. Kathuria and E. Neptune, “Primary and secondary prevention of lung cancer: Tobacco treatment,” Clinics in Chest Medicine, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 39–51, 2020.

P. Sharma et al., “Emerging trends in the novel drug delivery approaches for the treatment of lung cancer,” Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 309, p. 108720, 2019.

Y. Liu et al., “Nanoparticles advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials for lung cancer therapy,” Cancer Nanotechnology, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 28, 2023.

R. Mirakian et al., “Management of allergy to penicillins and other beta-lactams,” Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 300–327, 2015.

A. Ansari, A. Ali, and M. Asif, “Biologically active pyrazole derivatives,” New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 16–41, 2017.

S. Kumari et al., “Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles,” Molecular Diversity, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 185–232, 2016.

T. K. Tsutomu and T. N., “Effects of difenamizole on a conditioned avoidance response,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 17, no. 4–5, pp. 249–256, 1978.

R. Alam et al., “Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, HuTopoIIα inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies of pyrazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents,” Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 69, pp. 77–90, 2016.

W. A. Gregory et al., “Antibacterials: Synthesis and structure-activity studies of 3-aryl-2-oxooxazolidines,” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1673–1681, 1989.

R. A. Qeaser et al., “Integrated experimental and computational insights into thiazolidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cells,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 345, p. 131256, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131256.

Y. K. Ramtohul et al., “SAR and optimization of thiazole analogs as potent stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors,” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1593–1597, 2010.

T. K. Tsutomu and T. N., “Effects of difenamizole on a conditioned avoidance response,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 17, no. 4–5, pp. 249–256, 1978.

G. Steinbach et al., “The effect of celecoxib in familial adenomatous polyposis,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 342, no. 26, pp. 1946–1952, 2000.

C. M. Marson, “Reactions of carbonyl compounds with Vilsmeier reagents,” Tetrahedron, vol. 48, no. 18, pp. 3659–3726, 1992.

A. Alam et al., “Novel bis-Schiff base derivatives of 4-nitroacetophenone as potent α-glucosidase agents,” Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 128, p. 106058, 2022.

J. Trilleras et al., “Synthesis of pyrimidoquinolindiones and formylation,” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 231128, 2024.

B. K. Çavuşoğlu et al., “Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiosemicarbazone derivative Schiff bases,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 60, 2017.

F. S. Tokalı et al., “Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and molecular docking studies of novel Schiff bases,” Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1231, p. 129666, 2021.

L. A. AbdulJabar, A. A. A. Al-Shawi, and D. Z. Mutlaq, “Anti-liver and anti-breast cancer activities of imidazolidinone derivatives,” Medicinal Chemistry Research, vol. 30, pp. 1943–1953, 2021.

N. M. Nasir et al., “Anticancer and antioxidant activities of thiazolidine derivatives,” Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, vol. 41, pp. 3976–3992, 2023.

H. Aftab et al., “Synthesis and antiproliferative activity targeting lung cancer,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 33402, 2025.